Can class characteristics positively identify the donor or item?

Class characteristics refer to traits that are shared by a group of items or individuals and do not uniquely identify a specific source. Examples of class characteristics include the tread pattern on a tire or the specific features of a type of fabric. These characteristics can help narrow down the pool of potential sources but cannot definitively link an item to a specific donor.

In the context of forensic investigations, while class characteristics can provide useful information in a broad sense, they lack the specificity required for positive identification. To positively identify a donor or item, unique or individual characteristics must be present, which can distinguish one item from another within a certain class.

This distinction is critical in forensic science and law enforcement, as it underscores the limitations of evidence based solely on class characteristics. By understanding this concept, law enforcement professionals can more effectively assess the evidence they encounter and communicate its implications in legal contexts.